ansible-playbook之循环(Loops)
发布时间：2020-03-20 16:25:28来源：阅读：
1. 标准的Loops：也是最常用的一种循环
例：当需要安装10个软件包时，不用写10次任务，只需要写一次然后进行循环即可
#注：已经安装的软件系统即不在安装
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat yum_list.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: "需要安装的软件清单"
yum: name={{ item }} state=present
with_items:
- lrzsz
- vim
- sysstat
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook yum_list.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [需要安装的软件清单] ***************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.2.101] => (item=[u'lrzsz', u'vim', u'sysstat'])
changed: [192.168.2.111] => (item=[u'lrzsz', u'vim', u'sysstat'])
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
2. 字典格式的循环:with_items
#写法一：
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat dict_list.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: "字典格式的循环"
debug: msg="name ---->{{ item.name }},age---->{{ item.age }}"
with_items:
- {name: "Liu Zhengwei",age: 28}
- {name: "Jia Dongli",age: 25}
#写法二：
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat dict_list.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: "字典格式的循环"
debug: msg="name ---->{{ item.name }},age---->{{ item.age }}"
with_items:
- name: "Liu Zhengwei"
age: 28
- name: "Jia Dongli"
age: 25
#注：以上两种写法效果是一样的
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook dict_list.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [字典格式的循环] *****************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item={u'age': 28, u'name': u'Liu Zhengwei'}) => {
"item": {
"age": 28,
"name": "Liu Zhengwei"
},
"msg": "name ---->Liu Zhengwei,age---->28"
}
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item={u'age': 25, u'name': u'Jia Dongli'}) => {
"item": {
"age": 25,
"name": "Jia Dongli"
},
"msg": "name ---->Jia Dongli,age---->25"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => (item={u'age': 28, u'name': u'Liu Zhengwei'}) => {
"item": {
"age": 28,
"name": "Liu Zhengwei"
},
"msg": "name ---->Liu Zhengwei,age---->28"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => (item={u'age': 25, u'name': u'Jia Dongli'}) => {
"item": {
"age": 25,
"name": "Jia Dongli"
},
"msg": "name ---->Jia Dongli,age---->25"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
3. 嵌套Loops（列表格式的循环，用于1对多或者多对多关系时）–> with_nes
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat netsted_list.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: "实现1对多关系的循环"
debug: msg="name--->{{ item[0] }},value--->{{ item[1] }}"
with_nested:
- ['A']
- ['a','b','c' ]
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook netsted_list.yml -l 192.168.2.101
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [实现1对多关系的循环] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=[u'A', u'a']) => {
"item": [
"A",
"a"
],
"msg": "name--->A,value--->a"
}
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=[u'A', u'b']) => {
"item": [
"A",
"b"
],
"msg": "name--->A,value--->b"
}
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=[u'A', u'c']) => {
"item": [
"A",
"c"
],
"msg": "name--->A,value--->c"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
4. 散列loops：with_dict(支持更丰富的数据结构)
注：with_dict的写法在新版本中进行了改变，必须要写成字典的形式，跟我下面写的格式一样
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat with_dict.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
gather_facts: False
remote_user: root
vars:
user:
shencan:
name: shencan
shell: bash
ruifengyun:
name: ruifengyun
shell: zsh
tasks:
- name: debug loops
debug: "msg=name--->{{ item.key }} value--->{{ item.value.name }} shell--->{{ item.value.shell }}"
with_dict: "{{ user }}"
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook with_dict.yml -l 192.168.2.101
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug loops] *************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item={'key': u'ruifengyun', 'value': {u'shell': u'zsh', u'name': u'ruifengyun'}}) => {
"item": {
"key": "ruifengyun",
"value": {
"name": "ruifengyun",
"shell": "zsh"
}
},
"msg": "name--->ruifengyun"
}
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item={'key': u'shencan', 'value': {u'shell': u'bash', u'name': u'shencan'}}) => {
"item": {
"key": "shencan",
"value": {
"name": "shencan",
"shell": "bash"
}
},
"msg": "name--->shencan"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
5. 文件匹配loops：with_fileglob
在工作中，我们经常遇到需要针对一个目录下指定格式的文件进行处理，这个时候直接引用with_fileglob循环去匹配我们需要处理的文件即可
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat with_fileglob.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: debug loops
debug: "msg=files-->{{ item }}"
with_fileglob:
- /var/log/nginx/*.gz
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook with_fileglob.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug loops] *************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=/var/log/nginx/host.access.log-20170816.gz) => {
"item": "/var/log/nginx/host.access.log-20170816.gz",
"msg": "files-->/var/log/nginx/host.access.log-20170816.gz"
}
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170815.gz) => {
"item": "/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170815.gz",
"msg": "files-->/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170815.gz"
}
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170823.gz) => {
"item": "/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170823.gz",
"msg": "files-->/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170823.gz"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => (item=/var/log/nginx/access.log-20170817.gz) => {
"item": "/var/log/nginx/access.log-20170817.gz",
"msg": "files-->/var/log/nginx/access.log-20170817.gz"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => (item=/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170825.gz) => {
"item": "/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170825.gz",
"msg": "files-->/var/log/nginx/error.log-20170825.gz"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
6. 随机选择loops：with_random_choice（会从给定的值中随便选取一个显示）
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat with_random_choice.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: debug loops
debug: 'msg="name --> {{ item }}"'
with_random_choice:
- "Beijing"
- "Shanghai"
- "TianJin"
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook with_random_choice.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [debug loops] *************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => (item=Beijing) => {
"item": "Beijing",
"msg": "name --> Beijing"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => (item=Shanghai) => {
"item": "Shanghai",
"msg": "name --> Shanghai"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
7. 条件判断loops
在某些情况下，我们需要检测某个task是否达到了预想的状态，如果没有达到，就需要退出整个剧本。
until:检测条件
retries:检测次数
delay:每次检测的间隔时长
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat if_else.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: "对task的执行结果进行判断"
shell: cat /etc/fstab
register: info
until: info.stdout.startswith("sysfs")
retries: 5
delay: 5
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook if_else.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [对task的执行结果进行判断] **********************************************************************************************************************************
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (5 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (5 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (4 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (4 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (3 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (3 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (2 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (2 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (1 retries left).
FAILED - RETRYING: 对task的执行结果进行判断 (1 retries left).
fatal: [192.168.2.111]: FAILED! => {"attempts": 5, "changed": true, "cmd": "cat /etc/fstab", "delta": "0:00:00.003310", "end": "2017-09-04 01:09:18.651001", "failed": true, "rc": 0, "start": "2017-09-04 01:09:18.647691", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 26 03:08:48 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_test2-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=8699d6c2-883b-41a0-8282-5be27641ee02 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_test2-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0", "stdout_lines": ["", "#", "# /etc/fstab", "# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 26 03:08:48 2016", "#", "# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'", "# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info", "#", "/dev/mapper/vg_test2-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1", "UUID=8699d6c2-883b-41a0-8282-5be27641ee02 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2", "/dev/mapper/vg_test2-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0", "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0", "devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0", "sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0", "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0", "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0"]}
fatal: [192.168.2.101]: FAILED! => {"attempts": 5, "changed": true, "cmd": "cat /etc/fstab", "delta": "0:00:00.002489", "end": "2017-09-04 01:11:02.560507", "failed": true, "rc": 0, "start": "2017-09-04 01:11:02.558018", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 26 03:11:47 2016
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/vg_test3-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1
UUID=e48217af-0ad9-45be-aa68-b0b1bbc88c97 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2
/dev/mapper/vg_test3-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0", "stdout_lines": ["", "#", "# /etc/fstab", "# Created by anaconda on Sun Jun 26 03:11:47 2016", "#", "# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'", "# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info", "#", "/dev/mapper/vg_test3-lv_root / ext4 defaults 1 1", "UUID=e48217af-0ad9-45be-aa68-b0b1bbc88c97 /boot ext4 defaults 1 2", "/dev/mapper/vg_test3-lv_swap swap swap defaults 0 0", "tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0", "devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0", "sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0", "proc /proc proc defaults 0 0", "/dev/cdrom /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0"]}
to retry, use: --limit @/ansible/playbook/if_else.retry
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1
192.168.2.111 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1
8. register同时接收多个变量进行传递
#注：接收到的多个值可以用jinja的for循环方式显示每个值
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat register_vars.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: "register接受多个值测试"
shell: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- hostname
- uname
register: ret
- name: "显示接收到的值"
debug: 'msg="{% for i in ret.results %} {{ i.stdout }} {% endfor%}"'
[root@nfs-server playbook]# ansible-playbook register_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [register接受多个值测试] *********************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.2.101] => (item=hostname)
changed: [192.168.2.111] => (item=hostname)
changed: [192.168.2.101] => (item=uname)
changed: [192.168.2.111] => (item=uname)
TASK [显示接收到的值] *****************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg": " lamp1 Linux "
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg": " lamp2 Linux "
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
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